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water and wastewater treatment

Effluent Treatment Plant

We offer design, erection and commissioning of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) starting from 10KL per day.

Our ETP(s) are tailored to meet the unique preferences of various industries. We provide custom ETP solutions which integrates seamlessly with existing infrastructure, offering robustness and durability.

Choose the best option that suits your industry needs.  How to choose a Right ETP? click on the link to know more

What is an ETP?

An Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is a wastewater treatment system specifically designed to purify industrial wastewater for reuse. Its primary goal is to ensure that the treated water is safe for environmental release, mitigating the harmful effects of effluents.

The ETP operates at multiple levels, employing physical, chemical, biological, and membrane processes to treat wastewater from various industries, including chemicals, pharmaceuticals, refineries, dairy and textiles.

How does an ETP work?

There are four stages of treatment: Preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary.

Preliminary treatment in an Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) involves the initial steps to remove large and heavy materials from the wastewater. This typically includes:

  1. Screening: Removing large debris like rags, sticks, and plastics using screens.
  2. Grit Removal: Allowing sand, gravel, and other heavy particles to settle out by reducing the flow velocity.
  3. Flow Measurement and Control: Assessing and managing the flow rate to ensure efficient treatment downstream.

Primary Treatment focuses on eliminating solid materials and lowering pollution levels. The aim is to prepare the water for further treatment and to decrease the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in the effluent.

  1. Neutralization: The main objective of this process is to maintain a pH range of 6 to 9, which is essential for the proper functioning of the different processing units within the ETP system
  2. Flocculation: It is a process that causes small particles in an effluent to clump together into larger clusters called flocs. Such that they can be easily removed.
  3. Coagulation: It is a process where coagulants are added to quickly settle tiny solid particles in an effluent into larger masses, allowing for their removal through sedimentation and filtration.
  4. Sedimentation: Effluent is held in large settling tanks where heavier solids settle at the bottom as sludge.

Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) is a process to clarify effluent by removing suspended solids, oils, and greases. It involves injecting air into the wastewater under pressure, releasing it to form bubbles that attach to the particles, causing them to float to the surface for skimming. This method is efficient in improving water quality.
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Primary Clarifiers are equipped with devices that remove floating solids from the surface and large solid masses that settle at the bottom of the tank.

Secondary treatment aims to eliminate suspended solids and residual organic matter from the primary treated effluent using both chemical and biological processes. Secondary treatment usually aims to reduce upto 90% of BOD in effluent.

  1. Biological treatment:  is a common method that uses microorganisms to remove organic matter and pollutants from effluent.
  2. Aerobic: Uses oxygen to break down organic matter. This is the more common method and can be further classified as suspended growth or attached growth. 

Activated Sludge Process (ASP) click on the link to know more
Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR) click on the link to know more
Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR) click on the link to know more
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) click on the link to know more

  • Anaerobic: Functions in oxygen-deprived conditions and is often used for high-strength organic effluent. Anaerobic digestion produces biogas as a byproduct. 

Up-flow Anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) click on the link to know more
Internal Circulation (IC) click on the link to know more

  •  Anoxic process is a step that removes nitrogen and selenium from effluent by using biological organisms to reduce nitrate and nitrites to nitrogen gas.
  • Secondary clarifier: It is a unit operation in effluent treatment plants that separates solids from biologically treated effluent. It does this by:

Reducing velocity: Effluent is allowed to move through the clarifier at a reduced velocity so that larger particles can settle out.

Separating microorganisms: The microorganisms are separated so that clean water is left. 

Thickening sludge: The sludge is thickened.


Sludge dewatering machine is used to remove the water from the sludge which further thickens the sludge.  click on the link to know more

Tertiary treatment is the final stage in the wastewater treatment process, ensuring that the waste quality meets required standards before it is recycled, reused, or discharged into the environment.

1.   Filtration: Uses semi-permeable membranes to remove contaminants from the water. The membranes allow water molecules to pass through, but block contaminants. Different types of membrane filtration include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, Reverse Osmosis.

  • Ultra-filtration: UF uses hydrostatic pressure to force effluent through a semipermeable membrane with pores ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 microns. The membrane blocks particles larger than a specific size, removing bacteria, viruses, and other contaminants. click on the link to know more
  • Nano-filtration: NF uses semi-permeable membranes to remove the particles that are about 1 nanometre in size. They remove contaminants from effluent, including ions and organic substances.
  • Recycle RO (Reverse Osmosis): A Reverse Osmosis plant can further eliminate dissolved solids from the effluent, allowing the water to be reused. click on the link to know mor
  • Disinfection: Wastewater is disinfected to destroy or inactivate disease-causing organisms. Here are some methods:
  • Chlorination: Uses chlorine to kill bacteria and control organisms; cost-effective and Odor-eliminating.
  • Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation: Inactivates bacteria and viruses by altering their DNA; effective for small wastewater flows.
  • Ozone: Attacks microbes using ozone molecules and hydroxyl radicals.

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